Wizard of Oz Spoof Essay Example For Students

Wizard of Oz Spoof Essay NWN: What? Oh crap! Wrong costume! Sorry! (she walks off and on again in the right costume) Here I am! And all you have to do to get home Dorothy is to follow the yellow brick road and see the wizard of Oz in emerald city! Kate: But its blue. NWN: What? Oh yes! Bloody set painters! Munchkins: Follow the blue brick road, follow the blue brick road, follow follow follow follow follow the blue brick road! (Dorothy skips off, swinging Toto behind her. Scene change to scarecrow hanging there) Dorothy: Wow Toto look! Its a scarecrow! Scarecrow: Hello. Where are you going? Dorothy: Im going to Emerald city to see the wizard of Oz! Scarecrow: Wow. Can I come? I need a. um. What is that thing again? Dorothy: A brain? Scarecrow: Hey! Thats not very nice? I mean yes, a brain! Dorothy: Well come down and skip with me! Scarecrow: Ok! (he gets stuck) Little help! Dorothy: Huh? Scarecrow: Im stuck! Dorothy: Oh! Crap! (she helps him down) Scarecrow: Thanks! Lets go! (Scene changes to Tinman standing there looking bored. Dorothy skips on with scarecrow) Dorothy: Look Scarecrow! Its a Tinman! Tinman: Alright? Scarecrow: Its your cue.! They call me an idiot! Tinman: Oh right yeah. Muffle muffle Dorothy: I think he needs oil! Tinman: muffle muffle, (no shit Sherlock) (Dorothy walks over to him and looks for oil) Dorothy: Wheres the oil? Tinman: muffle muffle. (There oh shit). (Deodorant can thrown on from offstage, hits tin man on head) Tinman: OW! (makes come on then sign) (Dorothy squirts deodorant) Tinman: Now Im free! If only I had a heart to go with this. Because then I could love and be happy! Dorothy: Why dont you come with us to emerald city? We will write a custom essay on Wizard of Oz Spoof specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Tinman: Ok! (Lions and tigers and bears oh my song. Lion creeps up behind them and falls over a lot. Eventually he catches their attention) Lion: Aah dont hurt me, Im just a little pussy cat! pussy-cat! Scarecrow: Riiight Dorothy: Why dont you come with us to the emerald city to find courage? Lion: Ok! By the way thats a nice bit of lunch youve got there (points at Toto) Dorothy: Sicko! (picks Toto up and carries him) (were off to see the wizard song. ) Lion: Oh look its a flying monkey! (Monkey flies down and knocks everyone out) (Scene change to witches tower. WWW in wrong costume again) WWW: Hwahaha! Now I have you Dorothy and youre little LINE!. (someone shouts dog to her) dog too! Hwahahaha! Tinman: I thought youre the wicked witch of the west? WWW: I am! (Tin man points to hair) WWW: (realising has wrong costume) Oh bugger not again! (walks off and back again in right costume) Right! Where was I? Oh yes: Hwahahahaha! Scarecrow: Youll never get away with it! WWW: Yes I Will. Hwahahaha! Dorothy: No you wont! Oh look a bucket of water! (she throws the water at her) WWW: Noooo, Im melting, melting (gets up and slips back down again) Noo (walks off slipping) Lion: Hooray! Lets go and see the wizard now! (they skip around for a bit and come to emerald city. A guard stands there) Guard: Halt no one goes in without an appointment! Dorothy: But we have to see the wizard! Guard: Do you have an appointment? Dorothy: Well no but. Scarecrow: Shhh! Yeah we do. Guard: Oh alright then in you go. (Scene changes to wizard palace) Wizard: What do you want? I am the powerful wizard of Oz! Lion: P P P Please sir, I would courage, this scarecrow would like a brain Scarecrow: Harsh Lion: This tinman would like a heart and Dorothy just wants to go home. Wizard: No! Hwahaha (Dorothy throws Toto at him. He fall over and reveals he is not a wizard) Tinman: Youre not a wizard at all! Wizard: You revealed my secret! I suppose I have to give you what you want now. Lion: Yes P P P Please Wizard: Mr. Lion. You dont need courage, you just need to stick up for your self and think Im king of the jungle Lion: Im king of the jungle Grrr! Gee thanks Mr. Wizard Wizard: Mr. Â  Tinman, you dont need a heart, you were being nice to Dorothy all this time, and all you really need is someone to love you. .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 , .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .postImageUrl , .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 , .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:hover , .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:visited , .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:active { border:0!important; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:active , .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901 .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c985c67bfb1e3080930e296eb202901:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams EssayTinman: Ok! Gee thanks Mr. Wizard! Wizard: And you Mr. Scarecrow, all you need is a book on maths, that should get you started on being smart! Scarecrow: Gee thanks Mr. Wizard! Dorothy: What about me Mr. Wizard? Dorothy: You Dorothy, just need to click your heels three times and say, theres no place home Dorothy: Here goes nothing, theres no place home. theres no place home. theres no place like home (Everyone goes off except for Dorothy)

Free Essays on Career Opportunities

In today’s job market many companies offer room for advancement. Depending on your past job experience and education you may have a choice in career opportunities. In some instances, you may be required to further your education or attain more experience in a certain field, but it remains that the opportunity is there you have to pursue it. I am currently employed with the YWCA El Paso Del Norte Region. The YWCA has a contract with the Upper Rio Grande at Work Child Care Services, which provides help with childcare to needy families. Under certain income guidelines, parents may pay child care services at a reduced rate. The difference is paid to the provider by the Upper Rio Grande – CCS. The program is divided into four departments which consist of the eligibility department, support department, provider services department, and finance department. The eligibility department employs caseworker positions, which determine a parent’s eligibility under the guidelines. A parent can qualify if they are working, seeking work, or attending school full time and meet the income guideline. They would provide their pay stubs, school records, etc†¦ to the caseworkers and make any changes with them. The parents have a choice on who they want to care for their child. They can choose to have a family member car e for them and will pay that family member or they can choose for their child to attend a day care facility. In the support department, any provider contracted with us to provide care under the program will provide their licensing information to them. They will also provide any other documents needed to verify they are in compliance with the state licensing center. The support department will draft the contract and renew them when needed. Additional duties they have are the outgoing/incoming mail, membership information, and main switchboard. The provider services department. The provider services department consists of workers who ... Free Essays on Career Opportunities Free Essays on Career Opportunities In today’s job market many companies offer room for advancement. Depending on your past job experience and education you may have a choice in career opportunities. In some instances, you may be required to further your education or attain more experience in a certain field, but it remains that the opportunity is there you have to pursue it. I am currently employed with the YWCA El Paso Del Norte Region. The YWCA has a contract with the Upper Rio Grande at Work Child Care Services, which provides help with childcare to needy families. Under certain income guidelines, parents may pay child care services at a reduced rate. The difference is paid to the provider by the Upper Rio Grande – CCS. The program is divided into four departments which consist of the eligibility department, support department, provider services department, and finance department. The eligibility department employs caseworker positions, which determine a parent’s eligibility under the guidelines. A parent can qualify if they are working, seeking work, or attending school full time and meet the income guideline. They would provide their pay stubs, school records, etc†¦ to the caseworkers and make any changes with them. The parents have a choice on who they want to care for their child. They can choose to have a family member car e for them and will pay that family member or they can choose for their child to attend a day care facility. In the support department, any provider contracted with us to provide care under the program will provide their licensing information to them. They will also provide any other documents needed to verify they are in compliance with the state licensing center. The support department will draft the contract and renew them when needed. Additional duties they have are the outgoing/incoming mail, membership information, and main switchboard. The provider services department. The provider services department consists of workers who ...

How Often Is NO CHANGE the Right Answer on ACT English

How Often Is NO CHANGE the Right Answer on ACT English SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the ACT English section, in the majority of questions, the first answer choice is â€Å"NO CHANGE." The â€Å"NO CHANGE† answer choice indicatesthat the underlined word or phrase is correct. Sometimes, students are hesitant to select â€Å"NO CHANGE† because they think that there should be an error. In this article, I’ll explore the frequency of correct â€Å"NO CHANGE† answers to give you an idea of how often the â€Å"NO CHANGE† answer will be the right one. Furthermore, I’ll let you know how to use this information. For this article, I analyzedthe answers from four published official ACT tests. Basic ACT English Format There are 75 total questions on the ACT English section, each of which has four answer choices. If the correct answers are distributed evenly among the answer choices, â€Å"NO CHANGE† should be right 25% of the time it appears as an option. Let's look at the answers from the four different tests I used. Test-by-Test Breakdown of "NO CHANGE" Frequency Test #1 # of questions w/ "NO CHANGE" option # of correct "NO CHANGE" answers % of "NO CHANGE" answers correct 56 21 37.5% Test #2 # of questions w/ "NO CHANGE" option # of correct "NO CHANGE" answers % of "NO CHANGE" answers correct 64 17 26.6% Test #3 # of questions w/ "NO CHANGE" option # of correct "NO CHANGE" answers % of "NO CHANGE" answers correct 50 17 34 Test #4 # of questions w/ "NO CHANGE" option # of correct "NO CHANGE" answers % of "NO CHANGE" answers correct 59 17 28.8% Frequency of NO CHANGE on All Tests Test # Frequency of "NO CHANGE" correct % of "NO CHANGE" 1 21 37.5 2 17 26.6 3 17 34 4 17 28.8 Analysis: Each test had a percentage of â€Å"NO CHANGE† answers that was higher than expected. The % of NO CHANGE answers ranged from 26.6% to 37.5%. So how can knowing this information benefit you when you take the ACT? How Should You Use This Information? Only use this as a rough guide. The % of â€Å"NO CHANGE† answers varies from test to test. Keep in mind that in ACT English the simplest answer is often the best answer. NO CHANGE may be correct more often than expected because the incorrect answers make unnecessary additions to the underlined phrase. â€Å"NO CHANGE† should always be correct between around 25 and 40 percent of the time. If the percentage of your â€Å"NO CHANGE† answers is not in this range, you have most likely made mistakes and need to review the questions you’re unsure about more closely. Surprisingly, the percentage of No Change is at least 1/4 and often more. So guessing randomly actually is NOT necessarily the best thing to do - when in doubt, try guessing NO CHANGEas it's more likely to be correct! What's Next? As I previously mentioned, in ACT English, the most concise answer is usually the best answer. Learn more about this rule in my article on wordiness on the ACT. If you want a more general guide, read about all the grammar rules covered on the ACT. For those of you primarily studying for the ACT online, I highly recommend checking out this post on the best ACT prep websites. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Organizational Theory Literature and an Analysis of the U.S. Steel Term Paper

Organizational Theory Literature and an Analysis of the U.S. Steel Corporation - Term Paper Example It is also found that, in the context of each organization, two different powers are likely to exist: one originated from the organization’s external members, such as customers and suppliers, and ‘one originated from the insiders, i.e. employees or shareholders’ (Hatch & Schultz 2007, p.356). As for the relation between image, culture and identity, the following assumption is made: the theories that have been published in regard to each one of these concepts are related, more or less (Hatch & Schultz 2007, p.364). The assumptions of Hatch & Schultz (2007) in regard to identity, culture and image in organizations, can be characterized as valuable, providing important insights in the relation of the above organizational aspects. It should also be noted that although no empirical research has been employed for this study, still its findings are quite credible as they are based on important studies that have been published in the specific field. The validity of the study is further increase due to the following fact: Hatch & Schultz (2007) have developed a graph for showing the characteristics of the relation between culture, image and identity, as derived from the research developed on this issue (Graph 1, Appendices). Cultural Diversity in Organizational Theory and Practice Mazur, B., 2010 In the study of Mazur (2010) emphasis is given on diversity, as an issue related to modern organizations. The study is based on two different research methods: a) the literature that has been published in regard to the specific subject is critically reviewed, b) the cultural characteristics of people in a particular region, the North-East of Poland, are critically discussed aiming to show the potential level of diversity in society. Furthermore, the practices followed by firms in the specific region are presented, at the level that can offer important advice on how cultural conflicts in modern organizations can be resolved. The specific study presents the various elements of culture and diversity, as these concepts interact in the workplace. It is noted that diversity cannot be avoided, thus emphasizing on the cultural characteristics of employees would be a key strategy for facing conflicts in modern organizations (Mazur 2010, p.14). It is also explained that the effective managemen t of diversity in the workplace may not be easy, but it can result to a series of benefits for the organization, such as the improvement of cooperation and communication and the increase of employee morale and employee performance (Mazur 2010, p.14). The specific study could be possibly supported with empirical evidence, where available. The use of the case study, as a tool for supporting the research needs of the study, has limited the potential gaps of the lack of empirical evidence. The Classical Theory of Organisation and it's Relevance Alajloni, M., Almashaqba, Z. & Nemer Al-Qeed, M., 2010. Alajloni, Almashaqba and Al-Qeed (2010) refer to the classical theory of organization, as a framework that it is often used for explaining organizational strategies. The above researchers focuses on three particular concepts that are incorporated in the classical the

Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining Coursework

Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining - Coursework Example These are tests formulated to classify the personality of individuals. They are effective for job position allocation and definition of individuals. They are mostly used during the hiring process and are highly effective according to human resource managers (Holley, Jennings and Wolters, 2011, 8). They are a series of evaluations in different aspects of the work to gauge performance level of an employee. They are carried out by human resource and determine salary addition or promotion as well as used as a guide to trainings or team building (Holley, Jennings and Wolters, 2011, 294). Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is set up to ensure that employers do not discriminate any employee on the basis of age, gender and disability. It fights for employees even in small businesses. It promotes equality and justice in the workplace. It takes employers to court on behalf of the discriminated employee (Holley, Jennings and Wolters, 2011, 104). This is a definition of duties and responsibilities expected to be performed by an employee. It is provided by the HRM and is important for performance and smooth running of the workplace. It is usually provided in the hiring specifications and hence provided beforehand (Holley, Jennings and Wolters, 2011, 178). It is an act that abolishes wage disparity based on gender. The human resource must grant equal pay to men and women in the same job position without disparities. Heavy penalties are inflicted on the employers that do not obey the act. It was adopted in 1963 (Holley, Jennings and Wolters, 2011, 105). These are people that know the employee and are consulted about various issues concerning the identity of the employee by the human resource department before an employee is hired. It is important for verification of facts in the CV. It is carried out secretly and without consent of the employee (Holley, Jennings and Wolters, 2011, 180). This is a learning process for a new employee to be

Social Contract Essay Example for Free

Social Contract Essay Discuss the view that morality is a social contract (30 marks) Jean-Jacques Rousseau said Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains and what he is trying to show is that a social contract is binding on the members of a society, everywhere he is bound to be moral. The sources and reasons for the upholding morality (that is what is right and what is wrong) has been questioned since the days of Plato and one answer was given by Thomas Hobbes a contractarian answer. A contractarian believes that human beings are self-interested and it would be rational for him to co-operate with others. Hobbes developed this view by making us aware of the (imagined) state of nature in Leviathan (1651) in which people were present before any form of social cohesion and organisation. Hobbes asserts that at this time, everyone would look out for their self-interest but this would involved a great deal of hostility and an inability to do things out of fear (a humans self-interest could be to steal from you and thus cause you fear). Life would be a torment; war of all against all is how Hobbes puts it. The solution to this is cooperating between people. The implication of this is that there is no morality independent of what people in any given society think. There are however problems with this namely historically there has never been any contract. If we looking historically, we have made agreements (be it the Fourth Geneva Convention or the Magna Carta) but there has never been a collective social moral contract. Humans appear to be innately social. Indeed, it is not even just humans ants appear to work in colonies. Further, a contract would only be understood by a social being. As a result of there being no contract (factually), it would seem to make the idea redundant for if I havent signed anything, why should I be obligated? Although we can object and say that Hobbes isnt saying that people sat around and signed a codified document rather what he is suggesting is that if we were to imagine the state of nature to be the case, it would justified for us to accept such a contract hence giving a justification for us to be moral (as well as the existence of societies). However, there seems to remain one problem. By saying that societies develop morality and that there is no morality independent of this, it leaves us with the problem of cultural relativism. For it would be right in a society to kill all the enemies if thats what society determines, in the case of the Nazis it would be the Jews, yet seldom do we find someone who would actually call this moral and not demand action be taken. We could however say that the contract applies universally and that we have not reached the signing. Yet this is not what the contract is saying, for even if we were to accept that rules applied universally is the contractarian approach really telling us about morality? No! Even if something benefits me that may not the reason why I do it and definitely not the reason it is moral. An absolutist would say that rules are moral in themselves, regardless of the time or society in which they agreed. Locke develops the idea that there need be no actual agreement by saying that it is a tactic agreement. This means that a person who seeks to reap the benefits of society implicitly agrees to social contract and if I dont then I am free to leave. However am I really free to leave? It would not seem so. To leave, I would most likely have to leave this would not only mean having a passport to go to a different country, which would have its own set of rules but meaning that to get to the airport I would have to abide by the road rules lest I wish to be arrested. Even if Hobbes is correct in saying that there is no actual contract, we are left with why should we honour the agreement? Indeed, if we are self-interested as Hobbes says then surely when the time came, we would act in a self-interest way? This view can be illustrated by Ian McEwans Enduring Love; there is a hot air balloon and in the basket lays a child there is a sudden gust and the balloon starts it flight. Five men grab onto the rope of the balloon, alas there is another gust and if all five men carry on holding on then the child will be saved. This did not happen. All but one, were left clinging on to the rope. Whats even more so apparent is that if I am sure that I will get away with doing something immoral, why shouldnt I do it? If I knew I wasnt going to be caught stealing money then it would be in my self-interest to steal it. Hobbes answer to the aforementioned question is a Sovereign. This means that there is someone to enforce the law (the terms of the contract). By doing this, it would show that when acting against the contract and giving primacy to self-interest, it would not be in our long term self-interest to do so. However this still doesnt answer the question as to why someone who knows they will not get caught should be moral. Indeed, there are many people who are criminals and it is only found out after they have died. Also, there seems to be a different argument put forward by David Gauthier who argues that to there is no need for a sovereign because those of us who have dispositions to altruism, will in the long term have more benefits than those who are shot-sightedly self-interested. This view is strong in the sense that it shows that human beings are genuinely altruistic with a purpose of doing so and thus not having an over pessimistic view of humans (thus the lesser need for a sovereign). There are further problems with the social contract approach. When a terrorist has a hostage, he can use the hostage to dictate the terms of an agreement. This means that despite this being unfair, or even immoral, he can ask for however million pounds and for him to be pardoned of his act. This is obviously immoral and wrong. This situation is analogous to the state of nature period and someone strong dictating the terms which are not moral such as making all children workers. Furthermore, we could take the view of Marx and Thrasymacus (from Platos Republic) who say that the social contract is a means of social control by the minority. This means that the powerful and rich peoples interests can be carried out under the veil of morality. An example is the respect for property which, by no coincidence, is what the ruling class have. This means that the weak can be exploited and the rulers can maintain their position. We can criticise Marx for not taking into account that people do not steal because they do not want to offend the ruling class but this is not what Marx is trying to say. Indeed, what he is saying is that this is the correct reason why people do not do such things and through instruments such as religion and education (throughout history) they have been taught these rules and regulations. However John Rawls argues in his Theory of Justice that to counter this, we must decide the terms under a veil of ignorance in which nobody is certain for their position and so everyone will be fighting for minority rights in case they are within that minority; nothing is assured! If we posit Hobbes view as truth then we also find ourselves holding a pessimistic view of life for we have ample opportunity to break the rules of the contract yet we do not. If we were to hold Hobbes view societies would long be over because we could no longer trust people because they would take such selfish actions. To say that people dont mug each other in fear of being caught is not plausible. Surely the actions of a mother or a carer in the slums seem to show that we do not act just for self-interest. Further, is Hobbes really giving an accurate account of morality? We can indeed have a contract but is the only reason we do not break it because we fear the courts? Surely this isnt morality but a preference of prudence in an action but this view does not correlate with what we express. If someone were to say Stealing is wrong, they do not mean that it is better if you dont because it is more sensible, they mean it is a morally irreprehensible action. Hobbes view is also put under fire by alternative views, Richard Dawkins argues that altruistic behaviour can lead to evolutionary success and is thus embedded in our genes. There was never a conventional agreement rather because it is mutually advantage behaviour helps our evolutionary success, humans do it. So it is not because it is mutually advantageous that we choose to do it but we do it because it is advantageous and has helped us reach this stage. This, of course, is not the only alternative view others view moral as what the Bible says or even the Quran. We could even take the utilitarian approach and say that what is moral is the thing that obtains the greatest number of peoples happiness. To take this view is, as said, to ignore every instance of altruism. However what about blatant acts of altruism? The egoist could say that subconsciously we gain self-gratification from doing right things. However, again, it does not follow that I am doing these things because I want self-gratification. In the case of Mother Teresa, it is not plausible that she only did those things because she wanted self-satisfaction. As the egoist claims that everything is in some way selfish, it negate the idea of selfish and selfless as it distorts the distinction and leaves nothing but motives which is not a direct accurate description of the world. Thus to conclude, to hold the view that morality is defined, described and prescribed by a social contract ultimately fails. Alternative ideas not only, in some cases, have scientific backing but also have a more accurate representation of the real world. The view is both pessimistic and would lead to the powerful being on top and the weak being exploited. Thus we must conclude as Hume did and say that there is not historically validity (among other things) to this claim.

Essays --

You maybe, as many people are curious of where online shopping came from? When did it start? Did someone invent it? And how was it created? In 2011, Michael Aldrich published a claim that he had invented online shopping in the United Kingdom in 1979, using a standard dial up telephone line. He connected a modified domestic television to a real-time transaction processing computer to create the Aldrich system. During 1980s he launched the Redifon's Office Revolution that allowed the consumers, distributors, suppliers and companies to be connected on-do business transactions. From 1980 onwards, the system is only used for business to business system and transaction only but during the widespread availability of the internet and computer systems during the 1990s the business to consumer online shopping started to become financially viable. (Michael Aldrich Archive. 2011) Online or e-shopping is a part of e-commerce and a process that allows the consumers to buy products, information and services through the internet. Since the generation today has high technology, it is one of the factors that encourage the people to do online shopping, rather than doing the traditional way of going to the market and store. (Gans. 2011) Shopping online is fast growing to be part of our everyday lives. Increasingly people are using the convenience of online shopping due to people having computers in the home along with high speed connection. Online shopping and visiting an online shop enables the customer to search, find, order and pay for the products, information and services that they need. To be able to do online shopping, one must visit an online shop, like a website or an account in the social networking sites that sells products. The payment o... ...s that online shopping undergoes is revealed. The diagram shows simplicity and can be easily done, that’s why people tends to be an online shopper now a days. Online shopping offers a lot of benefits for the customers. The researcher used different methods of collecting information that was used in this research paper. The researcher gathered information in the internet and in the library. They visited different reliable and credible websites and looked for recent articles and data that were used for the betterment of this research paper. The researchers did a survey to gather some numerical data about the customers who are engaged into online shopping. They did random sampling and gave out approximately 50 survey papers to different people aged from 14-30. These methods where used in order to make this research paper about online shopping credible and factual.

Describe the Expectedm Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Bith to 19 Years Essay

From their first year babies will start to have more control – hold their head, roll over, sit up unaided, hold a rattle, put everything into their mouths and start to crawl. During their second year development and growth continues and most start to walk. They learn to control their movements and grab objects and food and start to play with toys. They will start to climb and learn to judge distances. Towards their third year, children will have lots more control as their muscles develop and their confidence grows. Feeding themselves, using a cup and showing an interest in dressing themselves, also able to grip pencils and turn pages in a book. | Babies from birth cry to communicate and react this way to sounds. They then begin to turn their heads in the direction of sounds and use their eyes to follow others. As babies develop they enjoy attention and learn to make noises other than crying and will start to laugh. By the age of one, most understand simple words like no and yes and their own name. They will start to follow simple instructions. Between one and two years children start to pronounce words and this will then start to increase rapidly. They watch everything going on around them and recognise people. Between two to three years children recognise the difference between you, me and I and start to ask lots of questions, they won’t always get grammar right. They enjoy songs and have favourite stories. | From birth dependant on adults for comfort which generally stops when cuddled. Babies respond to adults especially Mothers face and voice. Will start to smile after a few weeks and stare at faces. As they reach 6 months babies start to enjoy more interaction and perhaps play peek-a-boo and show affection. Between one and two years they may become anxious when separated from known adults, may use a comfort object and start to play alongside other children but not with. They show interest around them and greet know adults with pleasure. Need continuous attention as can get into mischief, does not understand danger. Will get frustrated with themselves if can’t do something they try to do. Two to three years sees a sense of own identity, likes to roll-play, sometimes reluctant to share. Prone to tantrums, can spoon feed themselves, joins in songs, can use sentences but may not always make sense. Ready to toilet train. | 3 – 7 years| Three to four years – more coordination over movements – jumping with feet together, walk on tip toes, using stairs, catching a gently thrown ball, climbing with confidence. At four to five years they learn to pedal a tricycle and have control with fine motor skills such as cutting and drawing, using scissors, holding pencils. By five their skills become refined. They can hop and kick a ball with aim, handle a pencil with more control and copy shapes and some letters. Six to seven years most children can skip, ride a bicycle, do up buttons, write, handle larger climbing equipment confidently. | From three to four years children can understand two to three simple commands at once. They sort objects by size, colour and draw some objects. Loves the same stories over and over, very inquisitive, will start to know colours. By age four their grammar improves and they ask more complex questions. They also have a sense of humour. Between five to seven they begin to understand about differences, can count up to 20, know their address. Also start to recognise written words and start to write words and sentences and make up stories. | Three to four years – play becomes more sociable and able to share. Starts to show sympathy towards others and become more cooperative – likes to help. Pretend play is more complex and self-motivated and behaviour is getting better. They feel more secure and able to cope with separation from family for periods of time. Between five to seven years children can brush their own teeth, dress and undress. Can make friends and is developing a sense of rules. They love learning about people and the real world. They need routine and structure. Can use a knife and fork and enjoy a little responsibility. | 7 – 12 years| Children can run, jump, climb, swing, hit a ball and enjoys team games by age 8. Can sometimes be unsure of their own ability. May start to have hobbies and interests and have skills required to learn an instrument. About the age of 10-11 girls may start to show early signs of puberty. | Most children will be fluent in language and can read to themselves and also out loud. They start to develop their own thoughts and preferences and are able to discuss ideas. They take a lively interest in certain subjects over others. They write descriptively and drawing is detailed. They need help with the complexities of spellings. | At seven, friendships will be more settled and tend to be in groups. Children around this age start to become less dependent on adults for close support and have an understanding about behaviour and what is acceptable. By eight, children will start to form close friendships. They form their own personalities. Towards 10 and above children start to become aware of their own gender, and what others may think of them. |

Child Labor at Industrial Revolution Essay

Child labor is the idea of forcing adolescent children into hazardous tasks working under ruthless circumstances and surrounded by an unsafe environment. Children are valuable and precious therefore, they should not be mistreated and allowed to experience misery and suffering at such a young age. Problems, disagreements, injuries, and death have all been caused by child labor. Child labor was the worst issue that provoked acute social, mental, and physical damage to America. We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. † (The United States Constitution) The preamble of the U. S. constitution was made for plenty of reasons; one of those reasons was to prevent practices such as child labor to somehow disappear in America. Residents of the United States of America want a â€Å"more perfect union†. Words in the preamble such as justice, defense, tranquility, and liberty are the absolute opposite of child labor. Why would America be referred to as an almost â€Å"perfect† nation while child labor still progresses? Why would the fellow citizens of America say there is justice in America when there’s child labor practiced there? These notable questions apply from the height of child labor in the 19th Century until today of the 21st century. Children labored around perilous machinery and went through arduous conditions at a very young age, usually 16 years and under. Adolescent children were forced to work intense hours and were paid low wages or no payments at all which eliminates the purpose of having the U. S. preamble in the constitution since people hope to â€Å"establish justice†. Employers were foul and did an awful attempt to supply the children at work with a safe and healthy surrounding. The circumstances children persisted brought several forms of harm toward the children. They were paralyzed by industrial incidents, defaulted appropriate movement and clean fresh air, and became vulnerable to diseases. These children took the risk at death enduring cruel conditions to support their families. Overseers also practiced physical punishment by having whipping rooms for children that misbehaved, slept while working, and were too slow. In coal mines, children were filthy, harnessed like animals, and had to drag heavy loads on their fragile backs behind them. They suffered pain for all day and tolerated injured hands, aching backs, the fear of getting squashed to death by coal, and sickness from breathing in coal dust. Breaker boys worked above ground, picking slate and other blemishes from coal. By doing so they often got a skin condition called â€Å"red tips† caused by sulfur from the coal contacting with skin, making their hands cracked, bloody, and swollen. Breaker boys also inhaled coal dust because of the process of coal mining released poisonous gases which could result in throat trouble or respiratory illness. Their faces were black and filthy covered with coal dust. Machinery in the mines, especially coal crushers were menacingly noisy and often led to hearing loss and on those rare unfortunate days, a boy fell into the coal crusher. Mining tunnels have collapsed as well, hindering and disabling workers to their death while spreading disease from rat infestation. â€Å"Joseph Martonik, about 15 years of age. Caught in the machinery and horribly mangled. Aug. 31, 1910 Cranberry Colliery. If he had obeyed instructions, or if the machinery had been properly protected, the accident might not have happened. † (Hindman 101) Besides breaker boys in the mines there were hippers, boys who opened doors from mining cars that were often ran over. There were also spraggers, boys that kept the mining cars moving and once in a while boys got an arm or leg jammed in and sliced off. In factories, machines ran so quickly and rapidly that tiny fingers, arms, and legs were entangled in them. Since factories put out odors and toxins, it destroyed the pure air nearby which caused illness and metronomic conditions. In canneries, children as young as 4 years labored in festering surroundings for long hours and received little pay. They had to peel shrimp from their shells that gave a spiteful chemical, making their gentle hands bleed and peel. In textile mills life was woeful and unhealthy. The mills were freezing in the winter and humid in the summer. Girls in the textile mills did the more skillful work as spinners which â€Å"was to watch rotating bobbins for breaks in the cotton. When the cotton broke the little girl had to quickly mend it and then brush the lint from the machine frame. † (Greene 55) Boys did the simple job as doffers which was to replace empty bobbins. Children lost fingers or hands in the machinery that spun the bobbins. In rural areas such as farms, children harvested crops in extreme temperatures, carried stacks of produce, and used ominous farming equipment. Children were doing menacing tasks by topping beets. They held a beet against the knee and cut off the top with a 16 inch knife that had a sharp prong on the end. Too often, children accidentally hooked themselves in the leg with the knife. (58) Street trades, working on the streets, faced children into the wrong direction with physical dangers and bad influences. These children worked early in the morning for long hours outdoors all season in the worst weather which could cause illness and or death. Standing on the ground for hours led to orthopedic defects. They took the risks of muggings, terrible weather, and car or bike injuries. Young girls sold flowers, gum, fruits, and vegetables on the streets. Newsboys were on the streets as early as 5 am. and sometimes worked in the evening past midnight which was unhealthy for their age. These children worked about 16 hours a day instead of attending school. There were two kinds of sweatshops. The first kind was composed of compact manufacturing businesses in vile establishments. Many people died in fires because workers were locked in the rooms they labored in to guarantee that they would work for the entire 10-12 hours mandated and could not escape no matter the situation. In those rooms, children finished embroiders and sewed pieces of garments or piecework. Workers were paid by what they completed rather than the numbers of hours. The other kind of sweatshop was located in tenement houses which were crowded, insufficiently vaporized buildings overrun with rodents. It isn’t necessary to actually see the children laboring under repulsive conditions in pictures or in reality to feel their pain, to give them compassion, and to realize how inferior the idea of child labor really is. Just by reading or hearing about the details of children laboring in poor circumstances can enable one to see beyond their teary eyes. The history of child labor begins in the late 19th century when the Industrial Revolution triggered in England which eventually arrived in America. The Industrial Revolution was the time when hand tools were replaced by machines and farming was substituted by manufacturing. Discoveries in science and technology fueled a significant change in the society. Sequences of inventions entered America, altering the textile industry. The textile industry was the first business to become industrial. The inventions introduced at this time period brought changes upon commerce and peoples’ lives. With these new adjustments in the populace, children became exploited by employers and were misused extensively. Children were often targeted even in the modern-world. The growth of factories obliged people to endow them, therefore, employers ventured young children into factories. There was an abundant amount of children which made them easily exchangeable if they died or quit Adults usually have more power amongst children because of age and probably wealth. Thus, adults can easily manipulate or force children into employment. The children from poor families which was the majority, were mostly aimed at since they were in need of money to keep their family above poverty level. Even children as young as three made an effort to help their families by working. Children have always worked ever since the beginning of refinement like chores around the household. At first, the general population believed that hiring children was beneficial to the child and the community. The child would stay out of troubles and won’t be a burden. Children can become more independent and gain maturity. America presumptively accepts child labor because â€Å"the government didn’t record the national statistics on employed children† so people weren’t involved on what was happening. (20) Working children also kept production prices short which evoked the nation to be economical beyond the sea. Child labor assumed to be a national trend. However, while employing children became such an interest, adults were losing their jobs to children because they were hired for less money compared to adults, but with the same, possibly more hours. As industrialization of child labor continued to evolve, people began to acknowledge the evils of it. This generated the idea of reforming child labor. Reformers formed the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. The SPCC prepared a restrictive factory bill for the New York state council. They wanted to forbid factory work for children under 14 years young. Moreover there was too much disagreement to this consideration but this downfall gave the organization more hope and motivation to sustain. Soon, New York passed the Factory Act of 1886 which restricted children below the age of 13 from working in factories and farms. Unfortunately this policy was inadequate and unenforceable. There would only be one inspector that had to examine all the factories in the state and was indulged to report violations just once a year. In addition the evidence of a child’s age was determined without an official document. In 1904, residents in America collaborated to compose the National Child Labor Committee. This committee believed that children needed to enjoy a vigorous and delightful puerility instead of being roused to work. If not, they would be denied the opportunities that every American deserved. 38) The NCLC constructed the Uniform Child Labor Law in 1910 which demanded a minimum age of 14 years for manufacturing employment and 16 years of age mining. They also encouraged restraint of night-work for children below 16 years young. Dramatic photography, photographed by Lewis W. Hine who was the photographer of the NCLC, rotated around the states, giving mankind access to see America’s children acted under brutal milestones. The photographs of young children at work helped the NCLC acquire the public’s attention. With their concern, 39 states passed child labor policies which definitely satisfied them, but the laws were not enforced and were misunderstood from it’s intentional purpose. The reform of child labor arose tensions against those who opposed the idea, in particularly the South. The South feared that if the NCLC became successful, employers would have to hire adults which were paid more than children and would decrease stock prices. People argued that child labor rules would dissuade manufacturing and the children wouldn’t be able to gain maturity in preparation of adulthood. In between the middle of the war to eliminate child labor, a Great Depression commenced. It changed political perspectives in America and availed Child labor reform. In 1938, Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act also known as the FLSA. This act forbid employment in mining or manufacturing for children under 16 years of age while children below 14 years of age were able to work as long as it did not counteract with their education or health. In actual fact, the law only protected about 25% working children. (69) In 1944, the United States joined World War II and at this time, laboring provisions slightly improved. Younger children barely worked because school was in session. The toils the children did were much less odious and adverse than before. Children also became curtailed to work in coal mines or glass factories. The war ended in 1945 yet child labor still flourished. However, after the war, Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act and organized the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA was assigned to oversee the country’s industries and ensure that they followed the regulations. Enforcing child labor laws had frequently been tough since there were not enough inspectors who were upposed to authorize the FLSA which means the Department of Labor inspects only half of the businesses in America. Furthermore, penalties have never been sufficient enough to hinder felons. In 1989, violators paid only a $165 fine that can easily be recovered by doing more business. Presently, Congress changed the FLSA on November 5, 1990 which made the utmost penalty for child labor violations be increased to $10,000. The federal government endured a explicit deal to evict child labor and restore peace to the children of America. â€Å"Child labor as it once was no longer exists. (73) Several of the events that happened in America during the 19th century impacted America positively. There was the Louisiana Purchase and the new states added into the Union which provided more land in the U. S. There was also the elimination of slavery, gaining woman’s rights, and the new inventions that were created. The wars such as the War of 1812 and the Mexican War were not as meaningful as the issue of child labor. When men died in battle, they died with honor. When children died in factories by the horrid conditions, they died with despair. Men have already passed their childhood, unlike children who have obviously not. Child labor, although it is outlawed and isn’t as commonly used as before, still exists. Children are still determined to work just as adults are. They choose to work to earn their own money to be able to purchase items independently and most importantly to support their families. Now, teenagers work under youth employment where children work around a healthy environment with fair wages. Most teenagerswork in the food industry or the entertainment industry. Nowadays, there are still sweatshops in America that violate the child labor laws and neglects the health and safety of their workers. The conditions from the 19th century is similar to the working conditions today. Youngsters labor in crowded, squalid buildings with horrible ventilation. Even though the law restrains children under 18 years old from using powered machines, inspectors saw children in New York enduring around dangerous machinery in factories for very small earnings. Toilets were also improperly functioned and workers ate their lunch on the cluttered, untidy workshop ground beside machinery that released chemicals. Newspapers are still sold on the streets by children usually in their own neighborhood. Even today, children are constantly prone to pesticides on their human flesh when they make contact against leaves and inhale toxins that surround them at work, without having access to medication or sanitation. â€Å"Today no society anywhere in the word advocates child labor. Indeed most nations have laws outlawing it. Yet child labor continues and, according to a United Nations report, is a growing evil. † (10) Will child labor still occur in America? How can any nation like the Untied States completely end child labor? When will child labor no longer exist? Is there hope for the future in becoming â€Å"perfect†? Perhaps the answers will come very soon. In a nation that people tend to believe is â€Å"perfect†, still contains flaws and imperfections. Child labor was definitely the most ghastly, heinous dilemma in America during the Industrial Revolution that stimulated rigorous damage both psychologically and morally. Hopefully sometime in the future, the world can officially announce the end of child labor.

The Organizational Structure and Design of Veema Enterprises

The Organizational Structure and Design of Veema Enterprises Introduction There is no single organizational design and structure, which can be applied to all businesses; though all businesses show some level of organizational design and structure, which define the groups, and offers coordination for the different roles to be performed in the business.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Organizational Structure and Design of Veema Enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is a review of the organizational structure and the design of Veema Ltd., a business specializing in the delivery of IT appliances, including computers, across the host state. Things to be discussed include work specialization, centralization and decentralization, departmentalization, formalization, chain of command, and the span of control at Veema Ltd (Adair 134). Discussion The field of work specialization Different jobs, roles and tasks, are assigned to the various departments within th e design, after being grouped into classes, placing those that are closely related together, and assigning them to the relevant departments. At Veema, the employees working at the administrative centers are those trained and skilled in administration, thus may not be able to work at the business units, for example, the technical department. An example here is the case of Janet Walters, who was required to work at the marketing department, during an internal case study, designed to evaluate the ability of different workers to operate at departments, other than those which they are specialized in. Ordinarily, she worked at the technical center; and had maintained top performance since her appointment. However, when placed at the sales department, she could not perform well, as comparable to the performance of the sales team members recruited one month before. The promotion of top management takes place, often, within the division or the department, which the workers operate under, as these are the fields that they are specialized in. For example, 3 months ago, John Smith, who was the marketing manager, was promoted to become the president of marketing, which fall under the same department of sales. These two variables under work specialization, show the importance of specialization, with regard to roles and skills of workers at Veema. The study offered insights into the management of operations and resources at the organization, as well as the significance of teams in pursuing organizational goals (Adair 134). Departmentalization Veema Ltd. runs on a design characteristic with mixed product and functional departmentalization. These can be split into two: the administrative units and the business center units, which are further split into different divisions and departments. Business units and subunits, are distinguishable on the basis of product departmentalization, which is simply the line of products that they trade in or supply.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These include the computer sales division, which deals in computers and laptops; the internet set up and supplies division, which offers the services of internet installation and maintenance; the software division, which deals in the supply and trading of software applications; and the parts and accessories section, which trades in the parts and accessories of computers. These divisions create specialization zones, which allow for effective addressing of the needs of the customers. The administrative unit consists of a number of departments, which are departmentalized on the basis of the functions they play at the business. These include marketing, human resource, financial, technical, and global development (Handy 76). The marketing department is responsible for all the marketing activities of the venture, these including any sales promotions to be carried out by the business, and the allocation of sales staff and representatives, as well as the creation, communication, delivery and exchange offerings carried out between the business and its customers. Other minor roles are not listed here. The human resource department is responsible for the selection, assessment of performance, training, sourcing of workers and the rewarding of employees. This department further plays the role of overseeing organizational culture and leadership, as well as guaranteeing compliance to the laws on employment and labor at the areas of operation. The financial department is responsible for business budgeting, administration of funds, the employment of expenditure and economy measures, manning all monetary activities and checking tax compliance. The technical department is responsible for the technical functions of the venture, these including software and hardware testing, as well as the checking of faulty products still under warranty. The global develo pment department is responsible for the standardization of the processes and operational levels of the company, to ensure that they keep up to date, with reference to global levels of technical and software advancement (Covey 47). The chain of command Like at many other modernly run organizations, the chain of command has less significance at Veema Ltd. This is because the role of authority managers and supervisors is kept at minimum; as the employees of Veema are trained to act at exert levels across the different operational zones.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Organizational Structure and Design of Veema Enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, different from the traditional chain of command model, which runs orders from top to bottom, managers at the different operational centers engage in the oversight of the performance and the progress of the employees. At Veema, the expectation and obligation towards performance is expressed at the teams or individual levels. This is to mean that at Veema, the managers will oversee the operations of workers, without assigning roles and tasks to each worker. This is the case, as the teams take full responsibility for the division of work amongst the different players, who carry out their roles towards the realization of the common goals. On the basis of the account offered, unity of command is virtually not existent at Veema, as the majority of employees, who operate under teams, will report to the oversight manager or the managers from related departments (Handy 76). The span of control The trends in the structure and design of organizations are moving towards the establishment of larger control spans, as this helps reduce the costs. Also, this is helpful in speeding up decision-making and is a factor leading to an increase in the flexibility of organizations, with regard to change or other change demanding situations. The wid e control spans, further help the business in drawing closer to its customers and the principal impact of empowerment and the motivation of workers, which play a critical role in determining organizational success. The span of control for Veema is similar to the one described above, as depicted by the operational functions of the different oversight managers and other support management staff, including the top staff at the business. For example, Dr Jacob Jones, who is the managing director of the venture, is a player in the oversight of 8 dissimilar sectors, these including the internet services provision division. Dr. Jacobs is also an active player in corporate marketing, the technical support division and the global development division. The wide span of Dr. Jacob’s duties draws from his high competence in running such ventures, as he has run five different companies in a span of 25 years. Therefore, he is capable of offering support across a major number of the different departments and sectors. The second case is that of Janet Walters, who acts as a player and the oversight manager in charge of the technical department. She is also responsible for the running of three other divisions, including the software development, the parts and accessories department, as well as the computers sale section, as she is highly proficient with the running of technical application and operations. Miss Janet Walters has also been accorded the wide range of contribution, responsibility and oversight authority, as she has worked under the technical department for 3 IT establishments, over the past twelve years. However, the wide span of control does not mean that one worker can operate efficiently at every sector, as from her example, she was not able to perform at the sales department, which implies the need for a careful selection of the extension spans (Boddy 145).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under span of control, Veema calls for highly developed skills and intensive training, especially from those working at the key product sectors. As a result, the company offers further training to every worker on a two months basis, after which, it administers a skills-base evaluation to evaluate the level of competence. This is evident from the fact that, at the business units of Veema, the workers are able to arrange themselves into teams and arrive at decisions in a quick effective manner. At these centers, the workers also show that they are capable of carrying out their duties and responsibilities in an effective manner, without the supervision of top management or oversight control. Further, considering the wide coverage of the venture; the huge number of employees and the variety of operational locations which are operated from four reference departments, the operational abilities of the different workers is skilled and effective. This shows that the different workers at Veem a are highly skilled and proficient (Covey 47). Centralization and Decentralization at Veema From The operational design and the duty execution lines of the company, the company is fairly decentralized. The operational teams under the different departments and divisions at Veema formulate their own plans regarding projects. However, all these are done with reference to their skills and knowledge base, towards the realization of the goals set by the divisions, departments or the company as a whole. The managers at Veema rely on the experience and the expertise of the team members at the departmental or divisional levels of decision-making, these including those on goal setting. Additionally, the roles of the managers are more restricted to the oversight or progress and the provision of suggestions to the players when necessary. Decentralization is also evident from the mutual dependence of the different departments and divisions, which may request for the provision of the resources a vailable at others. From this case, it is also evident that decision-making at the organizational level cannot be carried out by one department, managerial level or other positional leaders. From the appearance that decision-making at Veema is not concentrated around certain departments, divisions or authorities, it is clear that Veema is operated on a decentralized mode of operation (Collins 145). Formalization at Veema From the account of Veema, it is clear that the company has spent a considerable effort, towards ensuring that the working environment available to its workers is highly flexible, and one with less boundaries. Further, the company encourages and promotes their employees to live a learning-process, whether at work or outside, as the company operates principally, on the highly developed employee skills-base. From following this approach, the company has created a highly skilled and intelligent workforce, which offers it competitive advantage, towards the meeting of co mpany goals at a considerable level of freedom. From the account therefore, it is clear that job behaviors are considerably not structured, which offers employees a substantial level of freedom as they do their work, thus are highly capable of exercising creativity and developing more effective problem-solving tactics (Handy 76). Conclusion There is no single organizational design or structure, which can be applied and used at different institutions or organizations. This is the case, as the design or structure adopted, depends on the needs of the organization, the area of coverage and the extent of service to be offered. For instance, a sole proprietorship may rely on the input of one individual, and still meet its obligations, while a company must have a large number of players working in harmony. This paper is an analysis of the organizational structure and design of Veema, an IT supplies company. Under work specialization, different departments and divisions are assigned differe nt roles and responsibilities. Under departmentalization, the company has an administrative and a business unit, which are further split into different divisions, which are the socialization zones. At Veema, the chain of command is virtually non-existent, as there are no definite lines of authority. In the area of span of control, the company’s management covers a wide coverage of duties, which are run through the input of the lower level employees. Under centralization, the company’s decisions are made at the different levels of operation and the different authority and functional roles, thus the company adopts a decentralized operation model. Under formalization, Veema is low; therefore the employees work in a highly free environment, which promotes personal responsibility. Adair, John. 100 Greatest Ideas for Effective Leadership. Chichester: Capstone Publishing, 2011. Print. Boddy, David. Management An Introduction. Harlow: Pearson, 2005. Print. Collins, David. Na rrating the Management Guru: In Search of Tom Peters. Oxford: Rutledge, 2007. Print. Covey, Stephen. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. London: Simon Schuster, 2004. Print. Handy, Charles. Understanding Organizations. London: Penguin Publishers, 1999. Print.

1981 Springbok Tour Essay Example for Free

1981 Springbok Tour Essay ? Focus Question: What was the background to the 1981 Springbok Tour of New Zealand? For 56 days in July, August and September 1981, New Zealanders were divided against each other in the largest civil disturbance seen since the 1951 waterfront dispute. More than 150,000 people took part in over 200 demonstrations in 28 centres, and 1500 were charged with offences stemming from these protests. To some observers it might seem inconceivable that the cause of this unrest was the visit to New Zealand of the South African rugby team (the Springboks). Although not a major sport on a global scale, rugby has established itself not only as New Zealand’s number one sport but as a vital component in this country’s national identity. In many ways the playing of rugby took a back seat in 1981, and the sport suffered in the following years as players and supporters came to terms with the fallout from the tour. Some commentators have described this event as the moment when New Zealand lost its innocence as a country and as being a watershed in our view of ourselves as a country and people. Usefulness of evidence to focusing question: This is useful because it shows me evidence on what New Zealanders thought on about rugby. It shows that rugby sport is a background to New Zealanders because it’s their number 1 sport. This is part of a useful website, www.nzhistory.net.nz. This source is reliable because this source is that its not something someone has said or someone has typed that was from the 1981 springbok tour. It is basic facts. 1981 Springbok Tour. (2016, Oct 11).

Euthanasia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euthanasia - Research Paper Example In addition, the practice would lessen the urgency to develop new medicines designed to prolong life. Those who oppose the practice on religious grounds argue that it is ‘playing God’ therefore sinful. Health care professionals cite the Hippocratic Oath which forbids them from carrying out this procedure. This paper will examine the moral and ethical concerns surrounding euthanasia, clarify the meaning of the term, present arguments for the practice and conclude with a recommendation to resolve the issue. Euthanasia describes a situation in which a terminally ill patient is administered a lethal dose of medication, is removed from a life-support system or is simply allowed to die without active participation such as by resuscitation. A doctor’s involvement in the procedure could be to either prescribe a lethal dose of drugs with the express intent of ending a life or by intravenously inserting a needle into the terminal patient who then activates a switch that adm inisters the fatal dose (Naji et al, 2005). Assisted suicide by physicians and non-physicians has been legal in Switzerland since WWII. In addition, three organizations within the country have been established to aid terminally ill patients. They provide patient counseling as well as the drugs for use in the procedure. Lethal injections, however, are not allowed. The unusual situation in Switzerland holds that assisted suicide is allowed as long as a physician is not a part of the process (Hurst & Mauron, 2003). Euthanasia has been legal in Belgium since 2002. Each case must be reviewed by two physicians before the procedure is carried out by either ingestion or injection. In The Netherlands, euthanasia has been legal for four years but has been tolerated for two decades. The guidelines for physicians handed down from the government include; â€Å"the patient must be suffering unbearably and have no hope of improvement, must ask to die and the patient must clearly understand the co ndition and prognosis (and) a second doctor must agree with the decision to help the patient die† (â€Å"The Fight†, 2004). Proponents of euthanasia are concerned with human suffering. Many diseases such as cancer cause a lingering and excruciatingly painful death. Watching a loved one as they wither away from the disease eating away at their organs is tough enough on family members, but to see them suffer even when drugs are administered is unbearable not to mention what the patient must endure. This emotionally and physically torturous situation is played out in every hospital, every day of the year but serves no purpose. To many, it is unimaginable to allow anyone, for example, a sweet old grandmother who has spent her life caring for others, to spend the last six months of their life enduring constant pain, unable to control bodily functions, convulsing, coughing, vomiting, etc. The psychological pain for both the family and patient is unimaginably horrific as well. If grandma were a dog, most all would agree that the only humane option would be to ‘put her to sleep.’ U.S. citizens are guaranteed certain rights but not the right to ‘die with dignity.’ This right is not prohibited by the Constitution but by religious zealots who evidently put the quality of life of a dog above grandma’s. Patients suffering from Alzheimer’s may not suffer physical pain but endure a different type of pain